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Mike Russell Parker (1929 - February 23, 2014) was a British-born American typographer and type designer. Parker is known for rediscovering a "nameless Roman" type font and preparing it as a ''Starling series'' for Font Bureau.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Font Bureau )〕 ==Life and career== Parker was born in London in 1929, the son of a geologist. He had intended to follow his father into the profession, but was prevented from doing do due to colorblindness. He attended Yale University. He graduated with a degree in architecture and a master's in design. He then worked at the Plantin-Moretus Museum in Antwerp. Parker joined Mergenthaler Linotype Company company as Jackson Burke's assistant and heir; within two years becoming Director. Under Parker's leadership over 1,000 typefaces, including Helvetica, were added to the library making them available wherever Linotype equipment was in use, including complete series of Hebrew and Greek scripts. This was made possible through Parker’s organization of shared typeface development between the five separate companies in the Linotype Group worldwide. Parker was responsible for bringing in internationally known designers such as Matthew Carter, Adrian Frutiger and Hermann Zapf. The result was a library that became the standard of the industry.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The history of the Times New Roman typeface )〕 In 1981, Parker and Matthew Carter co-founded Bitstream Inc, a type design company, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. While revenues from the sale of typesetting equipment were dwindling, they recognized a business opportunity in the design and sale of type itself, due to the changing technologies that allowed type to be independent of equipment. Bitstream, largely financed through prepayment for the type library by several newly formed imagesetting companies, developed a library of digital type that could be licensed for use by anyone. Bitstream was highly successful during the 1980s when digital design and production, desktop publishing and personal computer use became virtually universal in the Western World.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Font Bureau People - Mike Parker )〕 Parker was featured in the film ''Helvetica'', a feature-length independent film about typography, graphic design and global visual culture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About Helvetica )〕 He wrote the introduction for the re-issue of Stanley Morison's ''A Tally of Types'', published by David Godine.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Tally of Types by Stanley Morison ; edited by Brooke Crutchley, introduction by Mike Parker )〕 Pages was developed on the NextStep platform and was in the Beta stage of development when the Next Computer and the NextStep platform were discontinued in 1995. Upon the closing of Pages Software in 1995, Parker licensed the Pages patent to Design Intelligence in Seattle and joined the company as an in-house consultant. In 2000, Design Intelligence was bought by Microsoft. With that, Parker had come full circle, he had completed a process that began with Gutenberg's transformation of flexible but laborious calligraphy into modular fonts of movable type, and ended with similar digital modules of expert design that guide all aspects of a whole document's appearance. In 1994, Parker published evidence that the design of Times New Roman, credited to Stanley Morison in 1931 was based on Starling Burgess' 1904 drawings for Lanston Monotype Foundry. This publication attracted the attention of Roger Black, noted design director and former avid Linotype customer, and David Berlow former colleague at both Linotype and Bitstream. Parker joined their co-founded company, the Font Bureau, as a Consultant, Type Historian and Type Designer. In 2009, Parker released "Starling", a Roman font with a matching italic series based on the 1904 design of William Starling Burgess. Parker died on February 23, 2014. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mike Parker (typographer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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